ORIGINAL ARTICLEClinical guidelines for the prevention and treatmentof osteoporosis: summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUmberto Tarantino1 · Giovanni Iolascon2 · Luisella Cianferotti3 · Laura Masi3 · Gemma Marcucci3 ·Francesca Giusti3 · Francesca Marini3 · Simone Parri3 · Maurizio Feola1 · Cecilia Rao1 · Eleonora Piccirilli1 · Emanuela Basilici Zanetti4 · Noemi Cittadini4 · Rosaria Alvaro4 · Antimo Moretti2 · Dario Calafiore2 ·Giuseppe Toro2 · Francesca Gimigliano2 · Giuseppina Resmini5 · Maria Luisa Brandi3© The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publicationAbstractBackground The Italian Society for Orthopaedics andTraumatology conceived this guidance—which is primar- ily addressed to Italian orthopedic surgeons, but should also prove useful to other bone specialists and to general practi- tioners—in order to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and its consequences.Materials and methods Literature reviews by a multidis-ciplinary team.Results The following topics are covered: the role ofinstrumental, metabolic, and genetic evaluations in the diag- nosis of osteoporosis; appraisal of the risk of fracture and thresholds for intervention; general strategies for the preven- tion and treatment of osteoporosis (primary and secondary prevention); the pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis; the setting and implementation of fracture liaison services for tertiary prevention. Grade A, B, and C recommendations Maria Luisa Brandimarialuisa.brandi@unifi.it1 Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, Orthopaedicsand Traumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy2 Department of Medical and Surgical Specialtiesand Dentistry, Se...
